PIANO

Grand piano and upright piano.jpg This article is about the musical instrument. For other uses, see Piano (disambiguation).

"Pianoforte" redirects here. For earliest versions of the instrument only, see Fortepiano. For the 1984 film, see Pianoforte (film).
Piano
A grand piano (left) and an upright piano (right)
Keyboard instrument
Hornbostel–Sachs classification314.122-4-8
(Simple chordophone with keyboard sounded by hammers)
Inventor(s)Bartolomeo Cristofori
DevelopedEarly 18th century
Playing range

Musicians
Pianists (Lists of pianists)

The piano is an acoustic, keyboard and stringed musical instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. It was invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain),





History

1720 fortepiano by Italian maker Bartolomeo Cristofori, the world's oldest surviving piano, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City



The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments. Pipe organs have been used since antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches. The first string instruments with struck strings were the hammered dulcimers,[6] which were used since the Middle Ages in Europe. During the Middle Ages, there were several attempts at creating stringed keyboard instruments with struck strings.[7] By the 17th century, the mechanisms of keyboard instruments such as the clavichord and the harpsichord were well developed. In a clavichord, the strings are struck by tangents, while in a harpsichord, they are mechanically plucked by quills when the performer depresses the key. Centuries of work on the mechanism of the harpsichord in particular had shown instrument builders the most effective ways to construct the case, soundboard, bridge, and mechanical action for a keyboard intended to sound strings.

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